The date has changed since the appearance of the corresponding digital phenomena. Likewise, the gradual expansion of surveillance infrastructure has brought with it a change in the nature of public administration in India. Government authorities increasingly relied upon digital surveillance tools for the purpose of governance optimization, efficient delivery of public services, and strengthening national security. Raising concerns over the protection of individual privacy rights and civil liberties, the propagation of these technologies is indeed serious. The present research aimed at an in-depth examination of the classic confrontation between the state’s need to practise digital surveillance for administrative and security objectives and the constitutional promise in Indian law of privacy rights to citizens. Within a socio-legal framework, the study seeks to examine the diverse impacts of digital surveillance on fundamental individual rights, including privacy, freedom of expression, and safeguards against arbitrary state interference. Such an analysis covers the adequacy of the existing constitutional provisions, judicial interpretations, and legislative measures, key among them being a landmark judgment of the Supreme Court (SC) which recognized privacy as a fundamental right (FR) and the evolutions in the data protection regime. The study further examines the regulatory framework relating to digital surveillance technologies, such as biometric databases, CCTV networks, and data analytics systems, based on their transparency, accountability, and oversight. The findings record an obtrusive need for comprehensive legal protections, clear policy directives, and strong institutional frameworks that should thereby try to strike an equilibrium between the objectives of public administration and privacy rights. By highlighting the frictions in India’s landscape of digital governance, the study contributes to ongoing conversations on privacy, surveillance, and democracy in the digital world, pushing for a rights-respecting approach that harmonizes technological advancement with constitutional values.