This case study investigates the relationship between dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and mental health symptoms in two individuals, namely Jane and Amir, suffering from treatment-resistant depression and anxiety. Both of them demonstrated continuous neuropsychiatric symptoms along with digestive issues. Thorough research revealed a reduction in microbial diversity, a decrease in short-chain fatty acid production, and a rise in inflammatory markers, which indicates a disrupted gut-brain axis. Modification in the patient’s diet and the inclusion of probiotics do not really improve patients’ mood, digestive issues, and overall bodily inflammation. The results show that gut microbiota may lead to mental health illness, which highlights the promising effectiveness of extensive, gut-focused therapeutic approaches. Further study is needed to know more about the effective therapies targeting the microbiome within the area of psychiatry